LaTeX 备忘清单

本备忘单总结了 LaTeX 常用显示数学符号的参考列表和一些 KaTeX 的应用示例。

入门

介绍

LaTeX 基于 TEX 的排版系统,适用于生成高印刷质量的科技和数学、物理文档。

而 KaTeX 只处理 LaTeX 的数学符号的一个更小的子集,用于 web 上展示

示例

f(x)=∫−∞∞fξ^ e2πiξx dξ% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,\mathrm{d}\xi

% \f is defined as #1f(#2) using the macro
f\relax(x) = \int_{-\infty}^\infty
    f\hat\xi\,e^{2 \pi i \xi x}
    \,\mathrm{d}\xi

行内展示

基于 KaTeX 在一行
展示示例: `KaTeX:\int_0^\infty x^2 dx`

基于 KaTeX 在一行展示示例: ∫0∞x2dx\int_0^\infty x^2 dx

支持的语法

标注符号

:-:-:-
a′a' a'a~\tilde{a} \tilde{a}g˚\mathring{g} \mathring{g}
a′′a'' a''ac~\widetilde{ac} \widetilde{ac}AB⏠\overgroup{AB} \overgroup{AB}
a′a^{\prime} a^{\prime}AB~\utilde{AB} \utilde{AB}AB⏡\undergroup{AB} \undergroup{AB}
aˊ\acute{a} \acute{a}F⃗\vec{F} \vec{F}AB⇒\Overrightarrow{AB} \Overrightarrow{AB}
yˉ\bar{y} \bar{y}AB←\overleftarrow{AB} \overleftarrow{AB}AB→\overrightarrow{AB} \overrightarrow{AB}
a˘\breve{a} \breve{a}AB←\underleftarrow{AB} \underleftarrow{AB}AB→\underrightarrow{AB} \underrightarrow{AB}
aˇ\check{a} \check{a}ac↼\overleftharpoon{ac} \overleftharpoon{ac}ac⇀\overrightharpoon{ac} \overrightharpoon{ac}
a˙\dot{a} \dot{a}AB↔\overleftrightarrow{AB} \overleftrightarrow{AB}AB⏞\overbrace{AB} \overbrace{AB}
a¨\ddot{a} \ddot{a}AB↔\underleftrightarrow{AB} \underleftrightarrow{AB}AB⏟\underbrace{AB} \underbrace{AB}
aˋ\grave{a} \grave{a}AB‾\overline{AB} \overline{AB}ABundefined\overlinesegment{AB} \overlinesegment{AB}
θ^\hat{\theta} \hat{\theta}AB‾\underline{AB} \underline{AB}ABundefined\underlinesegment{AB} \underlinesegment{AB}
ac^\widehat{ac} \widehat{ac}acˇ\widecheck{ac} \widecheck{ac}X‾\underbar{X} \underbar{X}

\text{…}中的强调功能

:-:-:-
aˊ\'{a} \'{a}a˜\~{a} \~{a}
a˙\.{a} \.{a}a˝\H{a} \H{a}
aˋ\\\`{a} \`{a}aˉ\={a} \={a}
a¨\"{a} \"{a}aˇ\v{a} \v{a}
aˆ\^{a} \^{a}a˘\u{a} \u{a}
a˚\r{a} \r{a}

定界符大小调整

:-:-
(AB)\left(\LARGE{AB}\right)\left(\LARGE{AB}\right)
(((((( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(( \big( \Big( \bigg( \Bigg(

:-:-:-:-:-
\left\big\bigl\bigm\bigr
\middle\Big\Bigl\Bigm\Bigr
\right\bigg\biggl\biggm\biggr
\\Bigg\Biggl\Biggm\Biggr

希腊和希伯来字母

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
α\alpha\alphaκ\kappa\kappaψ\psi\psiϝ\digamma\digammaΔ\Delta\DeltaΘ\Theta\Theta
β\beta\betaλ\lambda\lambdaρ\rho\rhoε\varepsilon\varepsilonΓ\Gamma\GammaΥ\Upsilon\Upsilon
χ\chi\chiμ\mu\muσ\sigma\sigmaϰ\varkappa\varkappaΛ\Lambda\LambdaΞ\Xi\Xi
δ\delta\deltaν\nu\nuτ\tau\tauφ\varphi\varphiΩ\Omega\Omega
ϵ\epsilon\epsilonoooθ\theta\thetaϖ\varpi\varpiΦ\Phi\Phiℵ\aleph\aleph
η\eta\etaω\omega\omegaυ\upsilon\upsilonϱ\varrho\varrhoΠ\Pi\Piℶ\beth\beth
γ\gamma\gammaϕ\phi\phiξ\xi\xiς\varsigma\varsigmaΨ\Psi\Psiℸ\daleth\daleth
ι\iota\iotaπ\pi\piζ\zeta\zetaϑ\vartheta\varthetaΣ\Sigma\Sigmaℷ\gimel\gimel

其它字母

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
ı\imath\imath∇\nabla\nablaℑ\Im\ImR\Reals\RealsŒ\text{\OE}\text{\OE}
ȷ\jmath\jmath∂\partial\partialℑ\image\image℘\wp\wpø\text{\o}\text{\o}
ℵ\aleph\aleph⅁\Game\Gamek\Bbbk\Bbbk℘\weierp\weierpØ\text{\O}\text{\O}
ℵ\alef\alefℲ\Finv\FinvN\N\NZ\Z\Zß\text{\ss}\text{\ss}
ℵ\alefsym\alefsymC\cnums\cnumsN\natnums\natnumsa˚\text{\aa}\text{\aa}ı\text{\i}\text{\i}
ℶ\beth\bethC\Complex\ComplexR\R\RA˚\text{\AA}\text{\AA}ȷ\text{\j}\text{\j}
ℷ\gimel\gimelℓ\ell\ellℜ\Re\Reæ\text{\ae}\text{\ae}
ℸ\daleth\dalethℏ\hbar\hbarℜ\real\realÆ\text{\AE}\text{\AE}
ð\eth\ethℏ\hslash\hslashR\reals\realsœ\text{\oe}\text{\oe}

字母和 Unicode

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
A\Alpha\AlphaB\Beta\BetaΓ\Gamma\GammaΔ\Delta\Delta
E\Epsilon\EpsilonZ\Zeta\ZetaH\Eta\EtaΘ\Theta\Theta
I\Iota\IotaK\Kappa\KappaΛ\Lambda\LambdaM\Mu\Mu
N\Nu\NuΞ\Xi\XiO\Omicron\OmicronΠ\Pi\Pi
P\Rho\RhoΣ\Sigma\SigmaT\Tau\TauΥ\Upsilon\Upsilon
Φ\Phi\PhiX\Chi\ChiΨ\Psi\PsiΩ\Omega\Omega
Γ\varGamma\varGammaΔ\varDelta\varDeltaΘ\varTheta\varThetaΛ\varLambda\varLambda
Ξ\varXi\varXiΠ\varPi\varPiΣ\varSigma\varSigmaΥ\varUpsilon\varUpsilon
Φ\varPhi\varPhiΨ\varPsi\varPsiΩ\varOmega\varOmega
α\alpha\alphaβ\beta\betaγ\gamma\gammaδ\delta\delta
ϵ\epsilon\epsilonζ\zeta\zetaη\eta\etaθ\theta\theta
ι\iota\iotaκ\kappa\kappaλ\lambda\lambdaμ\mu\mu
ν\nu\nuξ\xi\xiο\omicron\omicronπ\pi\pi
ρ\rho\rhoσ\sigma\sigmaτ\tau\tauυ\upsilon\upsilon
ϕ\phi\phiχ\chi\chiψ\psi\psiω\omega\omega
ε\varepsilon\varepsilonϰ\varkappa\varkappaϑ\vartheta\varthetaϑ\thetasym\thetasym
ϖ\varpi\varpiϱ\varrho\varrhoς\varsigma\varsigmaφ\varphi\varphi
ϝ\digamma\digamma

注解

:-:-:-:-:-
5\cancel{5}\cancel{5}a+b+c⏞note\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}\overbrace{a+b+c}^{\text{note}}
5\bcancel{5}\bcancel{5}a+b+c⏟note\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}\underbrace{a+b+c}_{\text{note}}
ABC\xcancel{ABC}\xcancel{ABC}≠\not =\not =
abc\sout{abc}\sout{abc}π=cd\boxed{\pi=\frac c d}\boxed{\pi=\frac c d}
$an\$a_{\angl n} MD语法冲突$a_{\angl n}ana_\anglna_\angln
−78∘\phase{-78^\circ}\phase{-78^\circ}

\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2x(hi)\tag{hi} x+y^{2x}

\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

x+y2xhi\tag*{hi} x+y^{2x}

垂直布局

:-:-:-:-:-:-
xnx_nx_n=!\stackrel{!}{=}\stackrel{!}{=}aba \atop ba \atop b
exe^xe^x=!\overset{!}{=}\overset{!}{=}abca\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}ca\raisebox{0.25em}{$b$}c
uo_u^o_u^o=!\underset{!}{=}\underset{!}{=}a+(abc)a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)a+\left(\vcenter{\hbox{$\frac{\frac a b}c$}}\right)
∑0<i<m0<j<n\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}\sum_{\substack{0<i<m\\0<j<n}}

重叠和间距

:-:-:-:-
=/ {=}\mathllap{/\,} {=}\mathllap{/,}(x2)\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)\left(x^{\smash{2}}\right)
 /=\mathrlap{\,/}{=} \mathrlap{,/}{=}y\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}\sqrt{\smash[b]{y}}

\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

∑1≤i≤j≤nxij\sum_{\mathclap{1\le i\le j\le n}} x_{ij}

LaTeX\LaTeX 数学结构

预览方法预览方法预览方法
abcxyz\frac{abc}{xyz}\frac{abc}{xyz}abc‾\overline{abc}\overline{abc}abc→\overrightarrow{abc}\overrightarrow{abc}
f′f'f'abc‾\underline{abc}\underline{abc}abc←\overleftarrow{abc}\overleftarrow{abc}
abc\sqrt{abc}\sqrt{abc}abc^\widehat{abc}\widehat{abc}abc⏞\overbrace{abc}\overbrace{abc}
abcn\sqrt[n]{abc}\sqrt[n]{abc}abc~\widetilde{abc}\widetilde{abc}abc⏟\underbrace{abc}\underbrace{abc}

分隔符

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
()()()()\lparen \rparen\lparen \rparen⌈⌉⌈ ⌉⌈ ⌉⌈⌉\lceil \rceil\lceil \rceil↑\uparrow\uparrow
[][][][]\lbrack \rbrack\lbrack \rbrack⌊⌋⌊ ⌋⌊ ⌋⌊⌋\lfloor \rfloor\lfloor \rfloor↓\downarrow\downarrow
{}\{ \}{}{}\lbrace \rbrace\lbrace \rbrace⎰⎱⎰⎱⎰⎱⎰⎱\lmoustache \rmoustache\lmoustache \rmoustache↕\updownarrow\updownarrow
⟨⟩⟨ ⟩⟨⟩⟨⟩\langle \rangle\langle \rangle⟮⟯⟮ ⟯⟮ ⟯⟮⟯\lgroup \rgroup\lgroup \rgroup⇑\Uparrow\Uparrow
∣∣|∣\vert\vert┌┐┌ ┐┌ ┐⌜⌝\ulcorner \urcorner\ulcorner \urcorner⇓\Downarrow\Downarrow
∣| (MD语法冲突)\|∥\Vert\Vert└┘└ ┘└ ┘⌞⌟\llcorner \lrcorner\llcorner \lrcorner⇕\Updownarrow\Updownarrow
∣∣∣ ∣\lvert \rvert∥∥\lVert \rVert\lVert \rVert\left.\right.\\backslash\backslash
⟨\lang ⟩\rang\lang \rang<>\lt \gt\lt \gt⟦⟧⟦ ⟧⟦ ⟧⟦⟧\llbracket \rrbracket\llbracket \rrbracket⦃⦄\lBrace \rBrace\lBrace \rBrace

可以使用一对表达式 \left s1s_1 和 \right s2s_2 来将分隔符 s1s_1 和 s2s_2 的高度与其内容的高度进行匹配,例如:

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
\left|exprexpr\right|\left\{exprexpr\right\}\left\Vertexprexpr\right.

可变大小的符号

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
∑\sum\sum∫\int\int⨄\biguplus\biguplus⨁\bigoplus\bigoplus⋁\bigvee\bigvee
∏\prod\prod∮\oint\oint⋂\bigcap\bigcap⨂\bigotimes\bigotimes⋀\bigwedge\bigwedge
∐\coprod\coprod∬\iint\iint⋃\bigcup\bigcup⨀\bigodot\bigodot⨀\bigodot\bigodot

标准函数名称

预览方法预览方法预览方法预览方法
arccos⁡\arccos\arccosarcsin⁡\arcsin\arcsinarcsin⁡\arcsin\arcsinarg⁡\arg\arg
cos⁡\cos\coscosh⁡\cosh\coshcot⁡\cot\cotcoth⁡\coth\coth
csc⁡\csc\cscdeg⁡\deg\degdet⁡\det\detdim⁡\dim\dim
exp⁡\exp\expgcd⁡\gcd\gcdhom⁡\hom\hominf⁡\inf\inf
ker⁡\ker\kerlg⁡\lg\lglim⁡\lim\limlim inf⁡\liminf\liminf
lim sup⁡\limsup\limsupln⁡\ln\lnlog⁡\log\logmax⁡\max\max
min⁡\min\minPr⁡\Pr\Prsec⁡\sec\secsin⁡\sin\sin
sinh⁡\sinh\sinhsup⁡\sup\suptan⁡\tan\tantanh⁡\tanh\tanh

函数名应该用罗马字体,而不是斜体,例如:

:-:-:-:-
Correct:\tan(at-n\pi)→\rightarrowtan⁡(at−nπ)\tan(at-n\pi)
Incorrect:tan(at-n\pi)→\rightarrowtan(at−nπ)tan(at-n\pi)

逻辑与集合论

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
∀\forall\forall∁\complement\complement∴\therefore\therefore∅\emptyset\emptyset
∃\exists\exists⊂\subset\subset∵\because\because∅\empty\empty
∃\exist\exist⊃\supset\supset↦\mapsto\mapsto∅\varnothing\varnothing
∄\nexists\nexists∣\mid\mid→\to\to  ⟹  \implies\implies
∈\in\in∧\land\land←\gets\gets  ⟸  \impliedby\impliedby
∈\isin\isin∨\lor\lor↔\leftrightarrow\leftrightarrow  ⟺  \iff\iff
∉\notin\notin∋\ni\ni∌\notni\notni¬\neg ¬\lnot\neg 或 \lnot

:-:-:-:-
{ x  |  x<12 }\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 }\Set{ x | x<\frac 1 2 }{ x∣x<5 }\set{x|x<5}\set{x|x<5}

宏指令

:-:-:-:-
x2+x2\def\foo{x^2} \foo + \foo\def\foo{x^2} \foo + \fooy2+y2\gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y}\gdef\bar#1{#1^2} \bar{y} + \bar{y}

特殊符号

:-:-:-:-:-:-
⟨ϕ∣\bra{\phi}\bra{\phi}∣ψ⟩\ket{\psi}\ket{\psi}⟨ϕ∣ψ⟩\braket{\phi|\psi}\braket{\phi|\psi}
⟨ϕ∣\Bra{\phi}\Bra{\phi}∣ψ⟩\Ket{\psi}\Ket{\psi}⟨ϕ | ∂2∂t2 | ψ⟩\Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ }\Braket{ ϕ | \frac{∂^2}{∂ t^2} | ψ }

运算符

数学运算符

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
arcsin⁡\arcsin\arcsincosec⁡\cosec\cosecdeg⁡\deg\degsec⁡\sec\sec
arccos⁡\arccos\arccoscosh⁡\cosh\coshdim⁡\dim\dimsin⁡\sin\sin
arctan⁡\arctan\arctancot⁡\cot\cotexp⁡\exp\expsinh⁡\sinh\sinh
arctg⁡\arctg\arctgcotg⁡\cotg\cotghom⁡\hom\homsh⁡\sh\sh
arcctg⁡\arcctg\arcctgcoth⁡\coth\cothker⁡\ker\kertan⁡\tan\tan
arg⁡\arg\argcsc⁡\csc\csclg⁡\lg\lgtanh⁡\tanh\tanh
ch⁡\ch\chctg⁡\ctg\ctgln⁡\ln\lntg⁡\tg\tg
cos⁡\cos\coscth⁡\cth\cthlog⁡\log\logth⁡\th\th
f⁡\operatorname{f}\operatorname{f}
arg max⁡\argmax\argmaxinj lim⁡\injlim\injlimmin⁡\min\minlim→⁡\varinjlim\varinjlim
arg min⁡\argmin\argminlim⁡\lim\limplim⁡\plim\plimlim‾⁡\varliminf\varliminf
det⁡\det\detlim inf⁡\liminf\liminfPr⁡\Pr\Prlim‾⁡\varlimsup\varlimsup
gcd⁡\gcd\gcdlim sup⁡\limsup\limsupproj lim⁡\projlim\projlimlim←⁡\varprojlim\varprojlim
inf⁡\inf\infmax⁡\max\maxsup⁡\sup\supf⁡\operatorname*{f}\operatorname*{f}
f⁡\operatornamewithlimits{f}\operatornamewithlimits{f}

大运算符

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
∑\sum\sum∏\prod\prod⨂\bigotimes\bigotimes⋁\bigvee\bigvee
∫\int\int∐\coprod\coprod⨁\bigoplus\bigoplus⋀\bigwedge\bigwedge
∬\iint\iint∫\intop\intop⨀\bigodot\bigodot⋂\bigcap\bigcap
∭\iiint\iiint∫\smallint\smallint⨄\biguplus\biguplus⋃\bigcup\bigcup
∮\oint\oint∯\oiint\oiint∰\oiiint\oiiint⨆\bigsqcup\bigsqcup

分数和二项式

:-:-:-:-
ab\frac{a}{b}\frac{a}{b}ab\tfrac{a}{b}\tfrac{a}{b}
ab{a \over b}{a \over b}ab\dfrac{a}{b}\dfrac{a}{b}
(aa+1]\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}\genfrac ( ] {2pt}{1}a{a+1}ab+1{a \above{2pt} b+1}{a \above{2pt} b+1}
a/ba/ba/ba1+1b\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}\cfrac{a}{1 + \cfrac{1}{b}}
:-:-:-:-
(nk)\binom{n}{k}\binom{n}{k}(nk)\dbinom{n}{k}\dbinom{n}{k}
{nk}{n\brace k}{n\brace k}(nk){n \choose k}{n \choose k}
(nk)\tbinom{n}{k}\tbinom{n}{k}[nk]{n\brack k}{n\brack k}

\sqrt

:-:-:-:-
x\sqrt{x}\sqrt{x}x3\sqrt[3]{x}\sqrt[3]{x}

二元运算符

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
+++⋅\cdot\cdot⋗\gtrdot\gtrdotx(moda)x \pmod ax \pmod a
−--⋅\cdotp\cdotp⊺\intercal\intercalx(a)x \pod ax \pod a
///⋅\centerdot\centerdot∧\land\land⊳\rhd\rhd
∗**∘\circ\circ⋋\leftthreetimes\leftthreetimes⋌\rightthreetimes\rightthreetimes
⨿\amalg\amalg⊛\circledast\circledast.\ldotp\ldotp⋊\rtimes\rtimes
&\And\And⊚\circledcirc\circledcirc∨\lor\lor∖\setminus\setminus
∗\ast\ast⊝\circleddash\circleddash⋖\lessdot\lessdot∖\smallsetminus\smallsetminus
⊼\barwedge\barwedge⋓\Cup\Cup⊲\lhd\lhd⊓\sqcap\sqcap
◯\bigcirc\bigcirc∪\cup\cup⋉\ltimes\ltimes⊔\sqcup\sqcup
 mod \bmod\bmod⋎\curlyvee\curlyveexmod  ax\mod ax\mod a×\times\times
⊡\boxdot\boxdot⋏\curlywedge\curlywedge∓\mp\mp⊴\unlhd\unlhd
⊟\boxminus\boxminus÷\div\div⊙\odot\odot⊵\unrhd\unrhd
⊞\boxplus\boxplus⋇\divideontimes\divideontimes⊖\ominus\ominus⊎\uplus\uplus
⊠\boxtimes\boxtimes∔\dotplus\dotplus⊕\oplus\oplus∨\vee\vee
∙\bullet\bullet⩞\doublebarwedge\doublebarwedge⊗\otimes\otimes⊻\veebar\veebar
⋒\Cap\Cap⋒\doublecap\doublecap⊘\oslash\oslash∧\wedge\wedge
∩\cap\cap⋓\doublecup\doublecup±\pm\pm±\plusmn\plusmn
≀\wr\wr`

关系

关系

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
===≑\doteqdot\doteqdot⪅\lessapprox\lessapprox⌣\smile\smile
<<<≖\eqcirc\eqcirc⋚\lesseqgtr\lesseqgtr⊏\sqsubset\sqsubset
>>>∹\eqcolon\eqcolon 或 \minuscolon⪋\lesseqqgtr\lesseqqgtr⊑\sqsubseteq\sqsubseteq
:::−∷\Eqcolon\Eqcolon 或 \minuscoloncolon≶\lessgtr\lessgtr⊐\sqsupset\sqsupset
≈\approx\approx≕\eqqcolon\eqqcolon 或 \equalscolon≲\lesssim\lesssim⊒\sqsupseteq\sqsupseteq
≈:\approxcolon\approxcolon=∷\Eqqcolon\Eqqcolon 或 \equalscoloncolon≪\ll\ll⋐\Subset\Subset
≈∷\approxcoloncolon\approxcoloncolon≂\eqsim\eqsim⋘\lll\lll⊂\subset\subset 或 \sub
≊\approxeq\approxeq⪖\eqslantgtr\eqslantgtr⋘\llless\llless⊆\subseteq\subseteq 或 \sube
≍\asymp\asymp⪕\eqslantless\eqslantless<\lt\lt⫅\subseteqq\subseteqq
∍\backepsilon\backepsilon≡\equiv\equiv∣\mid\mid≻\succ\succ
∽\backsim\backsim≒\fallingdotseq\fallingdotseq⊨\models\models⪸\succapprox\succapprox
⋍\backsimeq\backsimeq⌢\frown\frown⊸\multimap\multimap≽\succcurlyeq\succcurlyeq
≬\between\between≥\ge\ge⊶\origof\origof⪰\succeq\succeq
⋈\bowtie\bowtie≥\geq\geq∋\owns\owns≿\succsim\succsim
≏\bumpeq\bumpeq≧\geqq\geqq∥\parallel\parallel⋑\Supset\Supset
≎\Bumpeq\Bumpeq⩾\geqslant\geqslant⊥\perp\perp⊃\supset\supset
≗\circeq\circeq≫\gg\gg⋔\pitchfork\pitchfork⊇\supseteq\supseteq 或 \supe
:≈\colonapprox\colonapprox⋙\ggg\ggg≺\prec\prec⫆\supseteqq\supseteqq
∷≈\Colonapprox\Colonapprox 或 \coloncolonapprox⋙\gggtr\gggtr⪷\precapprox\precapprox≈\thickapprox\thickapprox
:−\coloneq\coloneq 或 \colonminus>\gt\gt≼\preccurlyeq\preccurlyeq∼\thicksim\thicksim
∷−\Coloneq\Coloneq 或 \coloncolonminus⪆\gtrapprox\gtrapprox⪯\preceq\preceq⊴\trianglelefteq\trianglelefteq
≔\coloneqq\coloneqq 或 \colonequals⋛\gtreqless\gtreqless≾\precsim\precsim≜\triangleq\triangleq
∷=\Coloneqq\Coloneqq 或 \coloncolonequals⪌\gtreqqless\gtreqqless∝\propto\propto⊵\trianglerighteq\trianglerighteq
:∼\colonsim\colonsim≷\gtrless\gtrless≓\risingdotseq\risingdotseq∝\varpropto\varpropto
∷∼\Colonsim\Colonsim 或 \coloncolonsim≳\gtrsim\gtrsim∣\shortmid\shortmid△\vartriangle\vartriangle
≅\cong\cong⊷\imageof\imageof∥\shortparallel\shortparallel⊲\vartriangleleft\vartriangleleft
⋞\curlyeqprec\curlyeqprec∈\in\in 或 \isin∼\sim\sim⊳\vartriangleright\vartriangleright
⋟\curlyeqsucc\curlyeqsucc⋈\Join\Join∼:\simcolon\simcolon:\vcentcolon\vcentcolon 或 \ratio
⊣\dashv\dashv≤\le\le∼∷\simcoloncolon\simcoloncolon⊢\vdash\vdash
∷\dblcolon\dblcolon 或 \coloncolon≤\leq\leq≃\simeq\simeq⊨\vDash\vDash
≐\doteq\doteq≦\leqq\leqq⌢\smallfrown\smallfrown⊩\Vdash\Vdash
≑\Doteq\Doteq⩽\leqslant\leqslant⌣\smallsmile\smallsmile⊪\Vvdash\Vvdash

否定关系

:-:-:-:-:-:-:-:-
⪊\gnapprox\gnapprox≱\ngeqslant\ngeqslant⊈\nsubseteq\nsubseteq⪵\precneqq\precneqq
⪈\gneq\gneq≯\ngtr\ngtr⊈\nsubseteqq\nsubseteqq⋨\precnsim\precnsim
≩\gneqq\gneqq≰\nleq\nleq⊁\nsucc\nsucc⊊\subsetneq\subsetneq
⋧\gnsim\gnsim≰\nleqq\nleqq⋡\nsucceq\nsucceq⫋\subsetneqq\subsetneqq
≩\gvertneqq\gvertneqq≰\nleqslant\nleqslant⊉\nsupseteq\nsupseteq⪺\succnapprox\succnapprox
⪉\lnapprox\lnapprox≮\nless\nless⊉\nsupseteqq\nsupseteqq⪶\succneqq\succneqq
⪇\lneq\lneq∤\nmid\nmid⋪\ntriangleleft\ntriangleleft⋩\succnsim\succnsim
≨\lneqq\lneqq∉\notin\notin⋬\ntrianglelefteq\ntrianglelefteq⊋\supsetneq\supsetneq
⋦\lnsim\lnsim∌\notni\notni⋫\ntriangleright\ntriangleright⫌\supsetneqq\supsetneqq
≨\lvertneqq\lvertneqq∦\nparallel\nparallel⋭\ntrianglerighteq\ntrianglerighteq⊊\varsubsetneq\varsubsetneq
≆\ncong\ncong⊀\nprec\nprec⊬\nvdash\nvdash⫋\varsubsetneqq\varsubsetneqq
≠\ne\ne⋠\npreceq\npreceq⊭\nvDash\nvDash⊋\varsupsetneq\varsupsetneq
≠\neq\neq∤\nshortmid\nshortmid⊯\nVDash\nVDash⫌\varsupsetneqq\varsupsetneqq
≱\ngeq\ngeq∦\nshortparallel\nshortparallel⊮\nVdash\nVdash
≱\ngeqq\ngeqq≁\nsim\nsim⪹\precnapprox\precnapprox

≠\not = \not =

箭头

:-:-:-:-:-:-
↺\circlearrowleft\circlearrowleft↼\leftharpoonup\leftharpoonup⇒\rArr\rArr
↻\circlearrowright\circlearrowright⇇\leftleftarrows\leftleftarrows→\rarr\rarr
↶\curvearrowleft\curvearrowleft↔\leftrightarrow\leftrightarrow↾\restriction\restriction
↷\curvearrowright\curvearrowright⇔\Leftrightarrow\Leftrightarrow→\rightarrow\rightarrow
⇓\Darr\Darr⇆\leftrightarrows\leftrightarrows⇒\Rightarrow\Rightarrow
⇓\dArr\dArr⇋\leftrightharpoons\leftrightharpoons↣\rightarrowtail\rightarrowtail
↓\darr\darr↭\leftrightsquigarrow\leftrightsquigarrow⇁\rightharpoondown\rightharpoondown
⇠\dashleftarrow\dashleftarrow⇚\Lleftarrow\Lleftarrow⇀\rightharpoonup\rightharpoonup
⇢\dashrightarrow\dashrightarrow⟵\longleftarrow\longleftarrow⇄\rightleftarrows\rightleftarrows
↓\downarrow\downarrow⟸\Longleftarrow\Longleftarrow⇌\rightleftharpoons\rightleftharpoons
⇓\Downarrow\Downarrow⟷\longleftrightarrow\longleftrightarrow⇉\rightrightarrows\rightrightarrows
⇊\downdownarrows\downdownarrows⟺\Longleftrightarrow\Longleftrightarrow⇝\rightsquigarrow\rightsquigarrow
⇃\downharpoonleft\downharpoonleft⟼\longmapsto\longmapsto⇛\Rrightarrow\Rrightarrow
⇂\downharpoonright\downharpoonright⟶\longrightarrow\longrightarrow↱\Rsh\Rsh
←\gets\gets⟹\Longrightarrow\Longrightarrow↘\searrow\searrow
⇔\Harr\Harr↫\looparrowleft\looparrowleft↙\swarrow\swarrow
⇔\hArr\hArr↬\looparrowright\looparrowright→\to\to
↔\harr\harr⇔\Lrarr\Lrarr↞\twoheadleftarrow\twoheadleftarrow
↩\hookleftarrow\hookleftarrow⇔\lrArr\lrArr↠\twoheadrightarrow\twoheadrightarrow
↪\hookrightarrow\hookrightarrow↔\lrarr\lrarr⇑\Uarr\Uarr
  ⟺  \iff\iff↰\Lsh\Lsh⇑\uArr\uArr
  ⟸  \impliedby\impliedby↦\mapsto\mapsto↑\uarr\uarr
  ⟹  \implies\implies↗\nearrow\nearrow↑\uparrow\uparrow
⇐\Larr\Larr↚\nleftarrow\nleftarrow⇑\Uparrow\Uparrow
⇐\lArr\lArr⇍\nLeftarrow\nLeftarrow↕\updownarrow\updownarrow
←\larr\larr↮\nleftrightarrow\nleftrightarrow⇕\Updownarrow\Updownarrow
⇝\leadsto\leadsto⇎\nLeftrightarrow\nLeftrightarrow↿\upharpoonleft\upharpoonleft
←\leftarrow\leftarrow↛\nrightarrow\nrightarrow↾\upharpoonright\upharpoonright
⇐\Leftarrow\Leftarrow⇏\nRightarrow\nRightarrow⇈\upuparrows\upuparrows
↢\leftarrowtail\leftarrowtail↖\nwarrow\nwarrow
↽\leftharpoondown\leftharpoondown⇒\Rarr\Rarr

可扩展箭头

:-:-:-:-:-:-
←abc\xleftarrow{abc}\xleftarrow{abc}→underover\xrightarrow[under]{over}\xrightarrow[under]{over}
⇐abc\xLeftarrow{abc}\xLeftarrow{abc}⇒abc\xRightarrow{abc}\xRightarrow{abc}
↔abc\xleftrightarrow{abc}\xleftrightarrow{abc}⇔abc\xLeftrightarrow{abc}\xLeftrightarrow{abc}
↩abc\xhookleftarrow{abc}\xhookleftarrow{abc}↪abc\xhookrightarrow{abc}\xhookrightarrow{abc}
↞abc\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc}\xtwoheadleftarrow{abc}↠abc\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}\xtwoheadrightarrow{abc}
↼abc\xleftharpoonup{abc}\xleftharpoonup{abc}⇀abc\xrightharpoonup{abc}\xrightharpoonup{abc}
↽abc\xleftharpoondown{abc}\xleftharpoondown{abc}⇁abc\xrightharpoondown{abc}\xrightharpoondown{abc}
⇋abc\xleftrightharpoons{abc}\xleftrightharpoons{abc}⇌abc\xrightleftharpoons{abc}\xrightleftharpoons{abc}
⇄abc\xtofrom{abc}\xtofrom{abc}↦abc\xmapsto{abc}\xmapsto{abc}
=abc\xlongequal{abc}\xlongequal{abc}

符号和标点符号

符号和标点符号

:-:-:-:-:-:-
% comment% comment…\dots\dotsKaTeX\KaTeX\KaTeX
%\%\%⋯\cdots\cdotsLaTeX\LaTeX\LaTeX
#\#\#⋱\ddots\ddotsTeX\TeX\TeX
&\&\&…\ldots\ldots∇\nabla\nabla
_\_\_⋮\vdots\vdots∞\infty\infty
_\text{\textunderscore}\text{\textunderscore}⋯\dotsb\dotsb∞\infin\infin
–\text{--}\text{--}…\dotsc\dotsc✓\checkmark\checkmark
–\text{\textendash}\text{\textendash} ⁣⋯\dotsi\dotsi†\dag\dag
—\text{---}\text{---}⋯\dotsm\dotsm†\dagger\dagger
—\text{\textemdash}\text{\textemdash}…\dotso\dotso†\text{\textdagger}\text{\textdagger}
~\text{\textasciitilde}\text{\textasciitilde}⋅\sdot\sdot‡\ddag\ddag
^\text{\textasciicircum}\text{\textasciicircum}…\mathellipsis\mathellipsis‡\ddagger\ddagger
‘``…\text{\textellipsis}\text{\textellipsis}‡\text{\textdaggerdbl}\text{\textdaggerdbl}
‘\text{\textquoteleft}text{\textquoteleft}□\Box\Box‡\Dagger\Dagger
‘\lq\lq□\square\square∠\angle\angle
’\text{\textquoteright}\text{\textquoteright}■\blacksquare\blacksquare∡\measuredangle\measuredangle
′\rq\rq△\triangle\triangle∢\sphericalangle\sphericalangle
“\text{\textquotedblleft}\text{\textquotedblleft}▽\triangledown\triangledown⊤\top\top
"""◃\triangleleft\triangleleft⊥\bot\bot
”\text{\textquotedblright}\text{\textquotedblright}▹\triangleright\triangleright$\$\$
 ⁣:\colon\colon▽\bigtriangledown\bigtriangledown$\text{\textdollar}\text{\textdollar}
‵\backprime\backprime△\bigtriangleup\bigtriangleup£\pounds\pounds
′\prime\prime▲\blacktriangle\blacktriangle£\mathsterling\mathsterling
<\text{\textless}\text{\textless}▼\blacktriangledown\blacktriangledown£\text{\textsterling}\text{\textsterling}
>\text{\textgreater}\text{\textgreater}◀\blacktriangleleft\blacktriangleleft¥\yen\yen
|\text{\textbar}\text{\textbar}▶\blacktriangleright\blacktriangleright√\surd\surd
∥\text{\textbardbl}\text{\textbardbl}⋄\diamond\diamond°\degree\degree
{\text{\textbraceleft}\text{\textbraceleft}◊\Diamond\Diamond°\text{\textdegree}\text{\textdegree}
}\text{\textbraceright}\text{\textbraceright}◊\lozenge\lozenge℧\mho\mho
\\text{\textbackslash}\text{\textbackslash}⧫\blacklozenge\blacklozenge╲\diagdown\diagdown
\text{\P}\text{\P} 或 \P⋆\star\star╱\diagup\diagup
§\text{\S}\text{\S} 或 \S★\bigstar\bigstar♭\flat\flat
§\text{\sect}\text{\sect}♣\clubsuit\clubsuit♮\natural\natural
©\copyright\copyright♣\clubs\clubs♯\sharp\sharp
®\circledR\circledR♢\diamondsuit\diamondsuit♡\heartsuit\heartsuit
®\text{\textregistered}\text{\textregistered}♢\diamonds\diamonds♡\hearts\hearts
Ⓢ\circledS\circledS♠\spadesuit\spadesuit♠\spades\spades
a◯\text{\textcircled a}\text{\textcircled a}✠\maltese\maltese⦵\minuso\minuso

环境

环境 1

abcd\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}
\begin{matrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{matrix}

环境 2

abcd\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}
\begin{array}{cc}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{array}

环境 3

(abcd)\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}
\begin{pmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{pmatrix}

环境 4

[abcd]\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}
\begin{bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{bmatrix}

环境 5

∣abcd∣\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}
\begin{vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{vmatrix}

环境 6

∥abcd∥\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}
\begin{Vmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Vmatrix}

环境 7

{abcd}\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}
\begin{Bmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{Bmatrix}

环境 8

abcdefghi\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}
\def\arraystretch{1.5}
   \begin{array}{c:c:c}
   a & b & c \\ \hline
   d & e & f \\
   \hdashline
   g & h & i
\end{array}

环境 9

x={aif bcif dx = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}
x = \begin{cases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{cases}

环境 10

aif bcif d}⇒…\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…
\begin{rcases}
   a &\text{if } b \\
   c &\text{if } d
\end{rcases}⇒…

环境 11

abcd\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}
\begin{smallmatrix}
   a & b \\
   c & d
\end{smallmatrix}

环境 12

∑i∈Λ0<j<n\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}
\sum_{
\begin{subarray}{l}
   i\in\Lambda\\
   0<j<n
\end{subarray}}

环境 13

a=b+c=e+f\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}
\begin{equation}
\begin{split}  a &=b+c\\
      &=e+f
\end{split}
\end{equation}

环境 14

a=b+cd+e=f\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}
\begin{align}
   a&=b+c \\
   d+e&=f
\end{align}

环境 15

a=be=b+c\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}
\begin{gather}
   a=b \\
   e=b+c
\end{gather}

环境 16

10x+3y=23x+13y=4\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}
\begin{alignat}{2}
   10&x+&3&y=2\\
   3&x+&13&y=4
\end{alignat}

环境 17

A→aBb↓↑cC=D\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}
\begin{CD}
   A @>a>> B \\
@VbVV @AAcA \\
   C @= D
\end{CD}

样式、颜色、大小和字体

Color 颜色

:-:-
F=ma\color{blue} F=ma\color{blue} F=ma
F=ma\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}\textcolor{blue}{F=ma}
F=ma\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}\textcolor{#228B22}{F=ma}
F=ma\colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}\colorbox{aqua}{$F=ma$}
F=ma\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}\fcolorbox{red}{aqua}{$F=ma$}

字体

:-:-:-:-:-:-
AB\Huge AB\Huge ABAB\normalsize AB\normalsize ABAB\normalsize AB\normalsize AB
AB\huge AB\huge ABAB\huge AB\huge ABAB\small AB\small AB
AB\LARGE AB\LARGE ABAB\LARGE AB\LARGE ABAB\footnotesize AB\footnotesize AB
AB\Large AB\Large ABAB\Large AB\Large ABAB\scriptsize AB\scriptsize AB
AB\large AB\large ABAB\large AB\large ABAB\tiny AB\tiny AB

样式

:-:-:-:-
∑i=1n\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n\displaystyle\sum_{i=1}^n∑i=1n\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n\textstyle\sum_{i=1}^n
x\scriptstyle x\scriptstyle xx\scriptscriptstyle x\scriptscriptstyle x
lim⁡x\lim\limits_x\lim\limits_xlim⁡x\lim\nolimits_x\lim\nolimits_x
x^2\verb!x^2!\verb!x^2!

另见